Occurs with closure of the AV Valves and thus signals the beginning of systole. This condition would cause. 144) In comparing a trained athlete to a non-athlete, which of these comparisons is false? 29 Varies with the person's breathing, increasing at … In fluid dynamics, an eddy is the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid is in a turbulent flow regime. 52) The first heart sound is heard when the, 53) During the isovolumetric contraction phase of ventricular systole, the, 55) The phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the. A phenomenon associated with pulsed Doppler, which is a misrepresentation of the Doppler shift in a negative direction, and occurs when the Doppler shift frequency exceeds one-half the PRF is called. How is angiotensin converted to angiotensin II? 142) Which of the following are characteristics of cardiovascular regulation? Start studying Pathophysiology Midterm: Chapter 15 Arterial Disorders. At rest, Reynolds’ number in the aorta is about 1650 and flow is laminar. 114) Turbulent blood flow occurs A) when there are irregularities in the vessel wall. 117) In which of the following would the blood flow be highest? Smooth blood flow occurring in parallel, concentric layers, Rough, chaotic blood flow - Undergoes changes in magnitude and direction, causes swirling and eddying (whirlpool). 72) The AV node delivers the stimulus to the AV bundle, located within the interventricular septum. 100) The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from, 101) Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the, 102) The T wave on an ECG tracing represents, 103) Analysis of the electrocardiogram can reveal all of the following, except the, 105) During the T wave of the electrocardiogram, the ventricles are, 106) Depolarization of the atria corresponds to the ECG's. Therefore, as blood flow velocity increases in a blood vessel or across a heart valve, there is not a gradual increase in turbulence. Blood flow is turbulent in the heart and the arch of the aorta during a great part of systolic ejection. 66) What occurs at the circled label "5" on the graph? This stage is associated with development of a … 81) The heart is innervated by ________ nerves. _____ sounds are caused by the turbulent pulsatile blood flow through an occluded artery which occurs when measuring blood pressure. 46) Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in, 47) When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves then. B) at high flow rates. ... OTHER QUIZLET SETS. A. 69) The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the. -fluid responsible for heart sounds. How does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system affect vascular smooth muscle? What BP reading is considered Stage I hypertension? 45) The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium. 134) Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors results in, 135) Blood pressure increases with all of the following, except increased. Partial occlusion of a blood vessel increases the Reynolds number (and turbulence) because the decrease in cross-sectional area results in increased blood velocity (v = Q/A). 80) Pacemaker cells isolated from the SA node generate action potentials at ________ beats per minute. 39) The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the, 40) The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right because. How does the sypathetic system increase blood flow? Turbulence does not begin to occur until the velocity of flow becomes high enough that the flow lamina break apart. *Atherosclerosis is specific type of arteriosclerosis, Pressure below where a blood vessel collapses, The force that keeps a blood vessel from collapsing is equal to the product of BP and the diameter of the blood vessel, Severe decrease in BP, leads to inadequate blood flow. 98) Which of these would cause stroke volume to increase? How is mean arterial pressure calculated? 94) Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output, except. Turbulent. What role does the sympathetic system play in regulating blood flow? 93) Which of the following would be greater? What are the three main types of circulatory shock? 1st Heart Sound (S1) 20 ... Signifies turbulent blood flow and accompanies loud murmurs. This eddy formation represents a reduction in the downstream pressure on the moving object and… History at your fingertips Average blood pressure in the arterial circulation. How does an ACE inhibitor affect hypertension. 67) The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in the. Transcribed Image Textfrom this Question. 38) Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit? (5) Why do these things decrease blood flow? 113) The main control of peripheral resistance by the vasomotor centers occurs in the. Turbulent flow. Areas of dilatation, kinking or tortuosity can all cause turbulent blood flow in a normal vessel. What unit is it measured in? 89) Heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the. As blood flows into the atria, the pressure will rise, so the blood will initially move passively from the atria into the ventricles. Wrap sphygmomanometer around arm just above the elbow, stethoscope placed over the brachial artery, Continue to release the pressure in the cuff until the is no sound = diastolic pressure. 73) If the pacemaker cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions, the. gov test 1. The last sound of Korotkoff occurs when the cuff pressure equals the diastolic pressure 3. When measuring blood pressure using the auscultation method, turbulent blood flow will occur when the cuff pressure is greater than the diastolic pressure and less than the systolic pressure. A heart murmur is a continuous sound that may be heard through a common stethoscope and is created when a person's blood passes through specific areas of their heart. When the action potential triggers the muscles in the atria to contract (atrial … Grading of systolic mumers based on thier intensity. 95) Cardiac output can be increased by all of the following except one. What is their function? D) all of the above E) none of the above Systemic circulation: from aorta to right atrium. 68) The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart. Heart murmurs can be present at birth (congenital) or develop later in life. 84) Drugs that block the beta-one adrenergic receptors will. 149) Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems. Jena_Nassar. How does viscosity affect blood pressure? What are venules/veins? -flow is made up of layers of blood that travel at individual speeds -found in normal physiologic states - smooth flow -has 3 forms: Plug, Parabolic and Disturbed MAP can also be calculated by multiplying cardiac output (CO = HR x SV) and total peripheral resistance (TPR from Poiseuille's law), What is total total peripheral resistance? 49) David suffers from a prolapsed mitral valve. Reynolds number is a way to predict under ideal conditions when turbulence will … How does a calcium channel blocker affect hypertension? 60) ________ is to contraction as ________ is to relaxation. 3 with continued injury the fatty streak becomes harder and extends out into the blood vessel creating turbulent blood flow 4. Heart sounds are the noises generated by the beating heart and the resultant flow of blood through it. Where is turbulent blood flow likely to occur? D) when blood pressure is excessively high. (5) Why do these things increase blood flow? Term. 140) The hormone that produces cardiovascular effects similar to activation of the sympathetic nervous system is: 141) Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure, except. What BP reading is considered borderline hypertension? What percent blood volume do they contain? What is mean arterial pressure (MAP)? What do you use to measure blood pressure? The "tapping" sounds associated with the turbulent flow are known as Korotkoff sounds. Heart Murmur - Abnormal sounds during your heartbeat cycle,such as whooshing or swishing, made by turbulent blood in or near your heart. How does total peripheral resistance affect blood pressure? What is their function? 109) Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue, except, 110) Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, except the. 120) The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure. Murmurs are additional sounds generated by turbulent blood flow in the heart and blood vessels. What is the difference between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis? -interrupted. 97) What effect would compressing the inferior vena cava just below the diaphragm have on cardiac function? What effect does increasing viscosity have on blood flow? What is their function? Accordingly, when the heart chambers are relaxed (diastole), blood will flow into the atria from the veins, which are higher in pressure. In cardiac auscultation, an examiner may use a stethoscope to listen for these unique and distinct sounds that provide important auditory data regarding the condition of the heart. 32) The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the, 33) The pulmonary veins carry blood to the. When blood pressure measurements are taken, the first sound of Korotkoff occurs when pressure 2. 70) The heart pumps approximately ________ milliliters of blood each minute. How does ADH/vasopressin affect vascular smooth muscle to help bring up low blood pressure? What are arteries? A vortex street around a cylinder. B) at high flow rates. 48) If a patient's tricuspid valve was leaking during systole, what would happen? Specifically, the sounds reflect the turbulence created when the heart valves snap shut. Instead, turbulence occurs when a critical Reynolds number (Re) is exceeded. The technique of measuring blood pressure requires the use of a sphygmomanometer (a blood pressure cuff attached to a … The material that has moved is called an embolus. 50) Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States. 124) If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg. Inhibition of sympathetics causes smooth muscle relaxation. Measure of the force that blood exerts against blood vessel walls. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. As blood flows into the atria, the pressure will rise, so the blood will initially move passively from the atria into the ventricles. Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve opening. Murmurs may be systolic, diastolic or continuous. Turbulent flow is predicted when the Reynolds number is increased. (4). Turbulence (13-2) •Eddies and swirls in fluid flow. What percent blood volume do they contain? Laminar flow is smooth flow with a parabolic velocity profile. 116) In which of the following would the resistance be greater? 1 Answer to 50. 42) Contractions of the papillary muscles, 43) The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the, 44) The bicuspid or mitral valve is located. It may occur when blood passes through a constriction or stenosis. Which of the following is NOT true about turbulent blood flow? C. Has no effect on the ECA, but affects diastolic flow in the ICA. Valve stenosis – a narrow, tight, stiff valve, limiting forward flow of blood. A thrombotic stroke occurs when a blood clot, called a thrombus, blocks an artery to the brain and stops blood flow. sinus arrhythmia: Definition. all 74) If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked, 75) In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of, 76) The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to, 78) Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in a normal cardiac muscle because, 79) As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential, cardiac muscle cannot exhibit. How does a β-blocker affect hypertension? The second heart sound (S2) occurs with closure of the semilunar valves. What does the term "local factors" mean in relation to controlling blood flow? MAP = (systolic pressure x 1/3) + (diastolic x 2/3) --OR--. C) when there are sudden changes in vessel diameter. 99) If the connection between the vagus nerve and the heart is cut, which of these changes will occur? Inhibits Ca2+ channels of conduction system and cardiac muscle. 27) Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve. Laminar Flow occurs when: -flow streams are aligned and parallel. 58) When the left ventricle contracts, the distance from the apex to the base, 59) When the left ventricle contracts, the diameter of the ventricular chamber. What variable has the biggest effect on resistance to blood flow? Factors that increase the Reynolds number and produce turbulent flow are decreased viscosity (hematocrit) and increased velocity. 83) Which of the following would increase heart rate? How does cardiac output affect blood pressure? Fluids, whether gases or liquids, are materials that flow according to pressure gradients—that is, they move from regions that are higher in pressure to regions that are lower in pressure. How does arterial radius affect blood pressure? 137) An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will lead to, 138) When renin is released from the kidney, 139) Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure, except. 5/4/21, 10: 16 AM Test 2- A&P Spring 2021 Flashcards | Quizlet Page 11 of 44 Artherosclerosis lipid deposit on the inside of the vessel walls deposit: lipid --> turbulence --> block blood flow increased risk: heart attacks, stroke, thrombus, embolus arteriosclerosis: family of degenerative diseases that leads to a decreases in the elasticity of artery walls mesoderm develops into endothelial … 140 terms. 115) Which of the following would have the greater effect on vascular resistance? Causes changes in the diastolic flow pattern. 132) The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces produced by capillary filtration serves which of the following functions? 65) What occurs at the circled label "4" on the graph? kidney disease, If someone normally has a BP of 90/60, a reading of 120/80 would be extremely high for that person, Change of lifestyle to lose weight and get in shape. ; The abnormal changes to the valve cause the abnormal heart sound (murmur). ... turbulent blood flow through the carotid artery. 129) The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the, 130) Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the. ↑ viscosity = ↑ resistance = ↓ blood flow, What causes an increase in blood viscosity? 88) Activation of which kind of receptor causes heart rate to increase? How does heart contractility affect blood pressure? Accordingly, when the heart chambers are relaxed (diastole), blood will flow into the atria from the veins, which are higher in pressure. 85) The heart beats approximately ________ times each day. When blood pressure or blood volume get REALLY low, pituitary gland releases ADH →, Ability of the arteries to distend when exposed to pressure. 3. Turbulent flow is disorganized blood flow and exhibits the widest range of flow velocities, including high-velocity and multidirectional flow . 111) Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output. What local factors increase blood flow? ↑ arterial blood volume = ↑ blood pressure. What percent blood volume do they contain? D. None of the above. When the action potential triggers the muscles in the atria to contract (atrial … Thrill. What occurs at arterioles? Symptoms and Causes Causes of heart murmurs. How does an α-blocker affect hypertension? Loudest at the Apex of the Heart. What are the factors that affect TPR? Valvular heart disease is the most common cause of a heart murmur.. rapid blood flow through the carotid artery. 28) As blood leaves the right ventricle it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk. B. Hemiparesis is a neurological symptom that refers to unilateral weakness that occurs on the contralateral side of the body to the affected side of the brain. How does arterial compliance affect blood pressure? a palpable vibration that signifies turbulent blood flow and accompanies loud murmurs. What happens if arterial blood pressure gets too low? How does turbulent blood flow contribute to atherosclerosis? Eddy Currents . Answer and Explanation: The Korotkoff sounds are caused by the turbulent pulsatile blood flow through an occluded artery which occurs when measuring blood pressure. 86) At a heart rate of 60 beats/minute, a cardiac cycle lasts, 87) Acetylcholine slows the heart because it. How does phenylephrine affect hypotension? Turbulent blood flow through the vessels can be heard as a soft ticking while measuring blood pressure; these sounds are known as Korotkoff sounds. 90) The cardioacceleratory center activates sympathetic neurons and the cardioinhibitory center controls parasympathetic neurons. 2 ... B. (a) Confusing (b) Heart sounds (c) Carrier (d) Korotkoff. this occurs normally in young adults and young children, the rhythm of the heart varies with the person's breathing, increasing at the peak of inspiration and slowing with expiration. How does stroke volume affect blood pressure? 92) Drugs known as calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine can be used to. Why is it weighted? What local factors decrease blood flow? Hypovolemic shock- loss of blood volume decreases BP, (hypovolemic, vasodilatory, AND cardiogenic), (vasodilatory AND cardiogenic circulatory shock). Areas of blood vessel branching Areas where plaques have formed A. Turbulent flows exist when blood is flowing in smooth streamlines. Terms in this set (2) Laminar Flow. 4) In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the, 5) The visceral pericardium is the same as the, 6) The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as, 7) The earlike extension of the atrium is the, 10) The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus contain, 20) Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the, 21) The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow, 22) Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the, 23) The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to, 24) The right ventricle pumps blood to the, 25) The left ventricle pumps blood to the, 26) The right atrium receives blood from the. Turbulent blood flow, for example, where arteries branch; Circulation of reactive oxygen species (free radicals), e.g., from smoking or air pollutants; Hyperlipidemia (high blood concentrations of LDL or VLDL) Chronically elevated blood glucose levels C) when there are sudden changes in vessel diameter. 56) Which of the following is greater during left ventricular systole? Diuretics, Kidney Diseases (OWEN) 32 terms. ; Valve regurgitation – a valve that does not close completely, allowing backward flow (a "leaky" valve). How is cardiac output connected to mean arterial pressure? 125) Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in, 126) Materials can move across capillary walls by, 127) The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the. I/VI: Barely audible; II/VI: Faint but easily audible; III/VI: Loud murmur without a palpable thrill; IV/VI: Loud murmur with a palpable thrill The degree of turbulent blood flow can be correlated with the risk of what disease? Turbulent flow is typically seen with obstructive and regurgitant valvular lesions, prosthetic heart valves, shunts, and arteriovenous fistulae Figures 4.7, 4.14, 4.15. 131) Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries? However, in certain physiological or pathological circumstances, the calculated values can change. An embolic stroke occurs when a piece of plaque or thrombus travels from its original site and blocks an artery downstream. Hypertension caused by a condition that affects cardiovascular system, e.g. Turbulent flow occurs when air is disturbed and separates from the surface of the moving body, with the consequent formation of a zone of swirling eddies in the body’s wake. What BP reading is considered Stage II hypertension? B. Vascular smooth muscle is innervated by sympathetic ONLY, not parasympathetic. • In smooth-walled vessels turbulence is low • Slow flow near the walls, faster flow in center. Where are they found, Most important short-term regulatory mechanism - Provides minute to minute BP regulation. _____ in the brainstem output via the sympathetics. How do baroreceptors affect vascular smooth muscle to help bring down high BP? -sounds due to turbulence not normal in arteries and is probably due to some constriction; increases the probability of thrombosis. Local factors are things circulating in the blood that have an effect ( + or -) on blood flow. 121) As blood travels from arteries to veins, 122) If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be. Blood pressure is highest as blood (leaves/returns) the heart. -outermost layer moving slowest and center moving fastest. •Injured or diseased vessels or heart valves show increase in turbulence and decrease in flow •Turbulent blood flow across valves produces the … 107) Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing. What percent blood volume do they contain? B. 30) Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics, except that it. Choose the exception. Decreases heart rate, contractility, and cardiac output. C. It occurs if blood speed is high. The blood pressure gradient is measured from where to where in each circulation? Figures 4.7, 4.14, 4.15 Figures 4.2, 4.17 62) What occurs at the area labeled "D" on the graph? Stephen Johnston 2146377 Name A&P 151 Blood Pressure Lab the cuff pressure cquals systolic 1. 41) The ________ ventricle has a greater workload than the ________. 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( 13-2 ) •Eddies and swirls in fluid flow used to ________ cardiac output can be by... Plaque or thrombus travels from its original site and blocks an artery downstream 72 ) the continual of... Comparing a trained athlete to a non-athlete, Which leads to plaque formation in. • slow flow near the walls, faster flow in center … Symptoms causes. C ) when there are sudden changes in vessel diameter when a critical number! Sudden changes in vessel diameter levels of carbon dioxide in the United States, stiff valve limiting. Block the beta-one adrenergic receptors will changes to the valve cause the abnormal heart sound ( )! Plaques have formed terms in this set ( 2 ) laminar flow is turbulent in the arterial and capillary.. Has the biggest effect on resistance to blood flow later in life renin-angiotensin-aldosterone affect. Valve was leaking during systole, what role does the term `` local factors '' mean in relation to blood..., the sounds reflect the turbulence created when the Reynolds number and produce turbulent flow predicted! The SA node generate action potentials at ________ beats per minute a constriction or stenosis then into the flow... 111 ) Averaged over a few heartbeats turbulent blood flow occurs quizlet venous return is ________ cardiac output, except increased in and... Viscosity have on blood flow in the by sympathetic ONLY, not parasympathetic in... Things increase blood flow below the diaphragm have on cardiac function smooth streamlines as Korotkoff sounds blood. And structures that are associated with the heart and blood vessels, Which of above. Activates sympathetic neurons and the AV node, how would the resistance be greater cardiac cycle lasts 87. Pressure would be ________ mm Hg heart beats approximately ________ times each day 4.15 figures,... Physiological or pathological circumstances, the calculated values can change to plaque formation on vascular?... Diastolic pressures is called the is controlled by neurons of the following be! Are taken turbulent blood flow occurs quizlet the sounds reflect the turbulence created when the heart lasts, 87 ) Acetylcholine the! Certain physiological or pathological circumstances, the left ventricle to the AV node, how would the ECG be?! Do these things increase blood flow in the arterial and capillary systems block between the SA become. Equals the diastolic pressure 3 the amount of blood vessels, Which of the following are characteristics cardiovascular! Common cause of a heart rate is controlled by neurons of the following changes n't!
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