This and many other large flows preceded the Flood Control Act of 1936 and dam construction on the Willamette's major tributaries. McCall learned that the river was heavily polluted in Portland.
©2018 Nautical Charts Online, All Rights Reserved. The construction of large federal dams on the Willamette's tributaries between 1941 and 1969 damaged the spawning grounds for spring Chinook salmon and steelhead. Used for navigation purposes, these channels are managed by the U.S. federal government. [17] The National Weather Service issues tide forecasts for the river at the Morrison Bridge. [71] Most of them do not have fish ladders. [92], Other major dams in the Willamette watershed are owned by other interests; for example, several hydroelectric facilities on the Clackamas River are owned by Portland General Electric. (2005). Humans began living in the watershed over 10,000 years ago. [91] Lookout Point Dam on the Middle Fork Willamette River, forming Lookout Point Lake, has the largest water storage capacity, at 477,700 acre feet (589,200,000 m3). [150], Species diversity is greatest along the lower river and its tributaries. Agent Login| [35] More than 81,000 miles (130,000 km) of roads criss-cross the watershed. LNM Notice/Date: 4220 2020-10-20 [15], Throughout the 1940s the Willamette continued to flood its valley. [149] The remaining forests close to the river include large stands of black cottonwood, Oregon ash, willow, and bigleaf maple. [11], Fish in the Willamette basin include 31 native species, among them cutthroat, bull, and rainbow trout, several species of salmon, sucker, minnow, sculpin, and lamprey, as well as sturgeon, stickleback, and others. The Marine Navigation App provides advanced features of a Marine Chartplotter including adjusting water level offset and custom depth shading. [30], About 2.5 million people lived in the Willamette River basin as of 2010, about 65 percent of the population of Oregon. [95][96] The Oregon City Bridge, built in 1922, replaced a suspension span constructed at the site in 1888. The average discharge at the lowermost gauge, near the Morrison Bridge in Portland, was 33,220 cubic feet per second (941 m3/s) between 1972 and 2013. This page was last edited on 20 October 2020, at 02:14. [9] Between the 1850s and the 1960s, channel-straightening and flood control projects, as well as agricultural and urban encroachment, cut the length of the river between the McKenzie River confluence and Harrisburg by 65 percent. [37], The indigenous peoples of the Willamette River practiced a variety of life ways. [126] Before dawn on December 21, 1964, the Willamette reached 29.4 feet (9.0 m), which was higher than the seawall on its banks in Portland.
[145] The Willamette is nevertheless clean enough to be used by cities such as Corvallis and Wilsonville for drinking water. By this time, about 15 people had died as a result of the flooding, and about 8,000 had been forced to evacuate their homes.
The bill passed, but Governor Charles Martin vetoed it. Edition #: 11 Communities along the main stem include Springfield and Eugene in Lane County; Harrisburg in Linn County; Corvallis in Benton County; Albany in Linn and Benton counties; Salem in Marion County; Newberg in Yamhill County; Oregon City, West Linn, Milwaukie, and Lake Oswego in Clackamas County; and Portland in Multnomah and Washington counties. The Steel Bridge is "believed to be the world's only double-lift span that can raise its lower deck independently of the upper deck. [155] Beaver populations, presumed to be much lower than historic levels, are increasing throughout the basin. Bist LLC is not endorsed, sponsored, affiliated with or otherwise authorized by Research In Motion Limited.
It is the tallest bridge in Portland, with 400-foot (120 m) tall towers and a 205-foot (62 m) navigational clearance.
The Izaak Walton League and the Oregon affiliate of the National Wildlife Federation countered the governor's veto with a ballot initiative, which passed in November 1938. NTM Notice/Date: 4420 2020-10-31 LNM: http://ocsdata.ncd.noaa.gov/nm, NTM = NGA Notice to MarinersLNM = Local Notice to Mariners. Those on the lower river, slightly closer to the coast, often relied on fishing as their primary economic mainstay. The Willamette River (/wɪˈlæmɪt/ (listen) wil-AM-it) is a major tributary of the Columbia River, accounting for 12 to 15 percent of the Columbia's flow. When you purchase our Nautical Charts App, you get all the great marine chart app features like fishing spots, along with WILLAMETTE RIVER PORTLAND TO WALNUT EDDY marine chart. The DEQ considers index scores of less than 60 to be very poor; the other categories are 60–79 (poor); 80–84 (fair); 85–89 (good), and 90–100 (excellent). Present chart coverage extends only to Newberg, 43.4 (50) miles above the mouth. The BookletChart contains all the information of full-scale nautical charts, but divided into pages for convenience. [4][37] The name Willamette is of indigenous origin, deriving from the French pronunciation of the name of a Clackamas Native American village. Forests to the east in the Cascade Range include Pacific silver fir as well as western hemlock and western red cedar. [19], Between about 15,500 and 13,000 years ago, the Missoula Floods—a series of large outpourings originating at Glacial Lake Missoula in Montana—swept down the Columbia River and backfilled the Willamette watershed. Indigenous peoples lived throughout the upper reaches of the basin as well.
These figures are only speculative; there may have been as few as eight subgroups or as many as 16. [58], After Portland was incorporated in 1851, quickly growing into Oregon's largest city, Oregon City gradually lost its importance as the economic and political center of the Willamette Valley.
Both iPhone Marine Navigation App and iPad Marine Navigation App are now available -, New! The Big Pipe project and related work reduces CSO volume on the lower river by about 94 percent. Local knowledge and midchannel courses are recommended. [110] At about RM 6 (RK 10), it carries the U.S. Route 30 Bypass. The Chinook territory encompassed the lower Columbia River valley and significant stretches of the Pacific coast on both the north and the south side of the Columbia's mouth. [107] It carries trains on its lower deck, MAX (Metropolitan Area Express) light-rail trains and motorized vehicles on its upper deck, and foot and bicycle traffic on a cantilevered walkway attached to the lower deck. [85] The locks at Willamette Falls were completed in 1873.
[116], Significant flooding recurred in the winter of early 1890, when the river rapidly rose and crested. [77][78], A 1991 agreement between the City of Portland and the State of Oregon to dramatically reduce combined sewer overflows (CSOs)[79] led to Portland's Big Pipe Project. [46], The dams on the Willamette's major tributaries are primarily large flood-control, water storage, and power-generating dams. Detailed cross-sectional and longitudinal depth-profile data were collected, referenced to an elevation datum, in the main-stem Willamette River from Harrisburg (approximately, river mile [RM] 161) to Willamette Falls (RM 26.5), focusing on reaches where HEC-2 cross-sectional data were not available (RMs 175-121, 114-89, 77-74, 42-28). [128] In the next couple of days, the river receded, but on December 27, it was at 29.8 feet (9.1 m), which was still nearly 12 feet (3.7 m) above the flood stage. Trade goods from the Columbia basin north of Portland could also be transported southward on the Willamette due to the deeper channels made at the Willamette's mouth. Fishing spots and depth contours layers are available in most Lake maps.
Willamette Valley map showing main stem and major tributaries The Willamette River drains a region of 11,478 square miles (29,730 km 2), which is 12 percent of the total area of Oregon. Edition Date: 2008-07-01
They are used to regulate river flows so as to cut peaks off floods and increase low flows in late summer and autumn, and to divert water into deeper, narrower channels to prevent flooding. [13] Elevations within the watershed range from 10,495 feet (3,199 m) at Mount Jefferson in the Cascade Range[13] to 10 feet (3.0 m) at the mouth on the Columbia River. New Editions, Scale: 15,000 [65] They were first led off their traditional lands to the Willamette Valley, but soon were marched to the Coast Indian Reservation.
"[132] The flood was serious enough to interrupt the progress of Oregon's growing economy,[134] but the inundated acreage was smaller than in 1964—only about 117,000 acres (470 km2). (1986). BlackBerry, Storm, Curve, Bold, Pearl are registerd trademark of Research In Motion Limited. [75] By 2007 the Greenway had grown to include more than 170 separate land parcels, including 10 state parks.
[44] People of the south were more nomadic, traveling from place to place with the seasons.
[72], With development in and near the river came increased pollution. [136], Since as early as 1869, with the introduction of a federally funded "snag puller" designed to keep the waterway clear, human habitation has affected the ecology of the river basin. In addition to fish, the basin supports 18 species of amphibians, such as the Pacific giant salamander.
(2006). Orr, Elizabeth L.; Orr, William N. (1999). The dams are used primarily to produce hydroelectricity, to maintain reservoirs for recreation, and to prevent flooding. [1] However, Native American languages in Oregon were very similar,[38] so the name may also be derived from Kalapuya dialects. Also, NOAA's BookletChartTM is available using the link below. [5][32] These cities include Springfield, Eugene, Corvallis, Albany, Salem, Keizer, Newberg, Oregon City, West Linn, Milwaukie, Lake Oswego, and Portland. It was only after receiving directions from natives along the Sandy River that the explorers learned about their oversight.
[5][7], Beginning at 438 feet (134 m) above sea level, the main stem descends 428 feet (130 m) between source and mouth, or about 2.3 feet per mile (0.4 m per km). "[73] He then discouraged tourism in the state and made it harder for companies to qualify for a permit to operate near the river. There are more than 20 major dams on the Willamette's tributaries, as well as a complex series of levees, dikes, and channels to control the river's flow.
[4] In the 1960s, Oregon Governor Tom McCall led a push for stronger pollution controls on the Willamette.
At times, however, the Chinook territory extended even farther south in the Willamette Valley. [46] Public uses of the river and land along its shores include camping, swimming, fishing, boating, hiking, bicycling, and wildlife viewing. By the late 1850s, farmers had begun to grow crops on most of the available fertile land. [50], In the middle part of the 19th century, the Willamette Valley's fertile soils, pleasant climate, and abundant water attracted thousands of settlers from the eastern United States, mainly the Upland South borderlands of Missouri, Iowa, and the Ohio Valley.
[19] The floods carried Montana icebergs well into the basin, where they melted and dropped glacial erratics on the land's surface.
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