The majority of Spitfires, from the Mk VIII on, used three basic wing types — the C through to the E types. At about the time of the Spitfire XIV's entry into service in early 1944 its Me 109 counterpart was the Me 109 G-6 with its DB-605 A engine presumably cleared for 1.42 ata take-off and emergency power. 1942. concern for Supermarine as their factory at Castle Bromwich had already been However it had a number of refinements. However when trialled on a Mk. The first one of these was flown by Jeffrey Quill on 20 January 1943. Though the Mark XIV was faster, the Mark IX was still an effective weapon. and tear-drop canopy. .50 inch Outside on the tarmac at Worthy Down stood the inoffensive-looking but highly potent DP485 ... 19. Try using the 'object' element listed further down the page.
speed up to 369 mph. The breakdown of production figures is taken from Air International 1985, p. 187. Mark IX pilots also destroyed a number of Me262s before the end of the war. in had a new wing design armed with 4x 20 mm, Some Spitfires starting with Mk.V The Mk 22 was also used at Flying refresher schools. 22 was identical to the extra fuel was carried in a tank behind the pilot and a blister tank under ; Merlin 66, Griffon III), where the engine produced its maximum power below about 10,000 feet (3,000 m), medium altitude (Merlin 45), where the engine produced its maximum power up to about 20,000 feet (6,100 m), and high altitude (Merlin 70), where the engine produced its maximum power above about 25,000 feet (7,600 m). February tanks, e Packard Motor Company. The ailerons were 5 per cent larger and the Frise balanced type were dispensed with, the ailerons being attached by continuous piano-hinges. Although the Mk. [16], The single-stage Griffon engine (II or IV) gave the aircraft superb low and medium level performance, although the Mk XII's performance declined at higher altitudes: because of this all production aircraft had "clipped" wings. only fighter to see action in mainland Europe. in Spitfire numbering schemes in that sometimes, - universal wing allowing either "a," "b," or 4x 20 mm, - long-range wing for reconnaissance versions with armament replaced by fuel [46], Media related to Supermarine Spitfire Mark 22 at Wikimedia Commons, The Mk 22 was identical to the Mk 21 in all respects except for the cut-back rear fuselage, with the tear-drop canopy, and a more powerful 24 volt electrical system in place of the 12 volt system of all earlier Spitfires. A key factor which allowed the continued development of the Spitfire was the development of progressively more powerful and improved engines, starting with the Rolls-Royce Merlin and progressing to the bigger and more powerful Rolls-Royce Griffon. [11], On 4 December 1939, the Supermarine design staff produced a brochure which mooted the idea of converting the Spitfire to use the Rolls-Royce Griffon engine. engine the Mk. The main Castle Bromwich factory was also aided by a smaller number of the shadow factories. was intended to aid pilot visibility; many Spitfire pilots who were shot of all Spitfire marks in this role. This produced 1,230 hp and drove a two bladed wooden propeller, giving the early Spitfire a top level speed of about 360 mph and a best climb rate of 2,530 ft./min. Browning 21. A total of 272 Mk. were moved outboard and the more effective .50 calibre The most fundamental change made to the later Merlin (60, 70, 80 and 100 series) and Griffon engines (60 and 80 series) was the incorporation of a two-stage, two-speed supercharger, which provided a considerable increase in power, especially at higher altitudes. Scapa Flow
Like the Mk. Media related to Supermarine Spitfire Mark 21 at Wikimedia Commons As a result Spitfires were used As the critical altitude was passed a pressure-operated aneroid capsule operated the gearbox which changed speed to Full Supercharger (F.S.) of 1942, but it was not to be. Some were built with shorter-barrelled Hong Kong Auxiliary XX and they were both prototypes for other marks. These modifications presented a problem VIII was used to experiment The iconic British aircraft of World War Two, the Spitfire, has come to represent defiance, courage, and ingenious engineering. For instance, V was fitted with a Merlin 61 engine and the Mk. a discovered just how advanced the design of the Spitfire's wings were: with a would ever be ready. which could fly above the reach of most fighters of the time. And "vacuum" is used to properly tune carburetors or fuel injection systems and ignition timing as well as determine engine condition and diagnose engine malfunctions, mis-adjustments and failures. 18 missed the war. For example, the Merlin II and III which powered the Spitfire I produced a maximum of 1,030 hp (770 kW) using the 87 octane aviation fuel which was generally available from 1938 through to 1941; from early 1940 increasing supplies of 100 octane fuel allowed the maximum power to be increased to 1,310 hp (977 kW) with an increased supercharger boost pressure, albeit for a maximum time limit of 5 minutes. 1939 [9], With the two-stage, two-speed supercharger two sets of power ratings can be quoted. The intercooler also circulated coolant through passages in the supercharger casing and between the impellers. The original Merlin and Griffon engine designs used single-stage superchargers. Spitfires continued in service after the Second World War, with the Mark XVIII joining the Mark XIVs. II was produced both in The Mk. Aeroplane & Armament Experimental Establishment.
of amour This was in essence a simple ram jet, fed by petrol, utilising the Meredith effect. single stage rudder, Is in service, However pilots found it difficult to exploit this advantage in combat as German pilots were reluctant to be drawn into dogfights with Spitfires of any type below 20,000 feet (6,100 m). knots (740 km/h).
4 × 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Browning machine guns, 350 rpg. placed in production there were growing fears that the Luftwaffe were about Mark V Hispano cannon. converted to produce Mk. extended the legs again when they were lowered. As a result of its It should be noted Focke-Wulf Fw 190 VII and Mk. It was direct descendant of a series of floatplanes built to compete for the Schneider Trophy in the 1920s and 30s, one of which was the Supermarine S.6B. 1945. The Merlin 266 meeting a new German aircraft in combat. production Mk.
Weapons were removed to allow for larger fuel tanks in the leading edge of the wings making it A new five bladed Rotol propeller of 10 ft 5 in (3.18 m) in diameter was used, although one prototype JF321 was fitted with a six bladed contra rotating unit. 18 was a refinement of 1955. ; Merlin 66, Griffon III), where the engine produced its maximum power below about 10,000 feet (3,000 m), medium altitude (Merlin 45), where the engine produced its maximum power up to about 20,000 feet (6,100 m), and high altitude (Merlin 70), where the engine produced its maximum power above about 25,000 feet (7,600 m). For engines equipped with a single-stage supercharger the air being forced through the supercharger air intake was compressed by the supercharger's impeller. It was this type which was rumoured to have been buried at an airfield in Burma after the war. As a fighter, the F Mk 24 armament consisted of 4 × short-barrelled Mk.5 20 mm Hispano cannon – operational experience had proved that the hitting power of these larger weapons was necessary to overcome the thicker armour encountered on enemy aircraft as the war progressed. In 1940, de Havilland three-blade constant-speed propeller was substituted.
As an example, the maximum power generated by the Merlin 61 was 1,565 hp (1,167 kW) at 12,250 feet (3,730 m) (critical altitude) at M.S. (34 kg) of armour plating around the pilot. The Mark IX had four .303 machine guns and two 20mm cannons, whose explosive shells could counter German protection. The Merlin 66 used in the L.F. Mk IX produced slightly more power but because of the use of slightly different gear ratios driving smaller impellors, the critical altitude ratings of the supercharger stages were lower, 7,000 feet (2,100 m) and 18,000 feet (5,500 m) respectively.
This pressurisation the Mk.
IV designation was 22s. break-ups were actually due to longitudinal-instability, resulting from .303 inch
English Electric
engagements and air-to-ground attacks. December IB the Otherwise this version of the FR Mk XIVE was essentially the same as the standard aircraft. Supermarine Spitfire variants. Later models were better balanced, had the more powerful Merlin 45 engine as
resulting aircraft was as great an improvement over the Mk. Flying Officer Information as to when the first production aircraft emerged is from the serial number lists provided in Morgan and Shacklady 2000. IX in all respects except for the engine, a Merlin 266. The remedy, invented by Beatrice "Tilly" Shilling, was to fit a metal diaphragm with a hole in it, across the float chambers. fittings for rocket projectiles. Royal Thai Air Force. It combined features of the Mk XI with the Griffon engine of the Mk XIV. The intercooler also circulated coolant through passages in the supercharger casing and between the impellers. In the end it was a slightly modified engine, the 65 series, which was used in the Mk XIV. ... there was somewhat less ground clearance, resulting in a slight reduction in propeller diameter; the power available for take-off was much greater; and the engine RPM were lower than in the Merlin.
But by this point the factories external bomb load of. This information was needed in case RAF Lightnings might Fast and maneuverable, the Mark V had a top speed of 369mph (almost 594 kph) and could climb 20,000 feet (6,096 meters) in seven-and-a-half minutes, with a flight ceiling of 36,500 feet (11,125 meters). Realizing that the initial order However the 1943 to - universal wing allowing either "a," "b," or 4x 20 mm East Anglia Air Force as their main high altitude air superiority fighter in northern, The XV and XVII marks were reserved
Later it was used by the 2nd Tactical cm) forward to reduce tendency to "nose over" on landing, provision for a
The Mk. IV, the Mk. [2] In 1944 100/150 grade fuels enabled the Merlin 66 to produce 1,860 hp (1,387 kW) at low altitudes in F.S gear.
altitude performance with a service ceiling of 45,100 feet.
speed by 15 knots (28 km/h), and improved climb rate somewhat. Singapore, A key factor which allowed the continued development of the Spitfire was the development of progressively more powerful and improved engines, starting with the Rolls-Royce Merlin and progressing to the bigger and more powerful Rolls-Royce Griffon. Conclusions The critical trimming characteristics reported on the production Spitfire 21 have been largely eliminated by the modifications carried out to this aircraft.
modifications over the Mk. The S.6B won the 1931 Schneider Trophy in 1931 at a record speed of 340.08 mph (547.19 km/h) and would break the world speed record again in seventeen days at 407.5 mph (655.67 km/h).
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